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The most common means of calculating yield was the number of seeds harvested compared to the number of seeds planted. On several manors in Sussex England, for example, the average yield for the years 1350–1399 was 4.34 seeds produced for each seed sown for wheat, 4.01 for barley, and 2.87 for oats. [53] (By contrast, wheat production in the ...
Articles relating to peasants, pre-industrial agricultural laborers or farmers with limited land-ownership, especially those living in the Middle Ages under feudalism and paying rent, tax, fees, or services to a landlord.. In Europe, three classes of peasants existed: slaves, serfs, and free tenants.
The open field system of agriculture dominated most of Europe during medieval times and endured until the nineteenth century in many areas. Under this system, peasants lived on a manor presided over by a lord or a bishop of the church. Peasants paid rent or labor services to the lord in exchange for their right to cultivate the land.
In the English language, many animals have different names depending on whether they are male, female, young, domesticated, or in groups. The best-known source of many English words used for collective groupings of animals is The Book of Saint Albans , an essay on hunting published in 1486 and attributed to Juliana Berners . [ 1 ]
Linked numerical citations in the last column refer to Plants of the World. Except for Plants of the World , these books list genera alphabetically. "Latin plant name" or "Greek plant name" in the fourth column means that the name appears in Classical Latin or Greek or both for some plant, not necessarily the plant listed here.
A four-ox-team plough, circa 1330. The ploughman is using a mouldboard plough to cut through the heavy soils. A team could plough about one acre (0.4 ha) per day. The typical planting scheme in a three-field system was that barley, oats, or legumes would be planted in one field in spring, wheat or rye in the second field in the fall and the third field would be left fallow.
The contents of medieval bestiaries were often obtained and created from combining older textual sources and accounts of animals, such as the Physiologus. [9] Medieval bestiaries contained detailed descriptions and illustrations of species native to Western Europe, exotic animals and what in modern times are considered to be imaginary animals.
Pages in category "English-language surnames" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 3,391 total. This list may not reflect recent changes .