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Bag and contents of a well-known early brand of synthetic cannabinoids named Spice that contains herbs covered with synthetic cannabinoids, now illegal throughout much of the world. Synthetic cannabinoids are a class of designer drug molecules that bind to the same receptors to which cannabinoids (THC, CBD and many others) in cannabis plants ...
Compared with classical cannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids differ structurally. Some common synthetic cannabinoids are available in the market such as JWH-018, which is the most well-known naphthoylindole and JWH-250, a phenylacetylindole. They are sold under the brand name ”Spice” as a recreational drug over the past decade. [4]
These unprecedented synthetic cannabinoids often feature alphanumeric code names intended to mimic the style of chemical nomenclature used by academic laboratories and pharmaceutical companies, and there is generally little, if any, information available regarding their pharmacology and toxicology at the time of first discovery.
Synthetic cannabinoids are known under a variety of names including K2, Spice, Black Mamba, Bombay Blue, Genie, Zohai, [38] Banana Cream Nuke, Krypton, and Lava Red. [39] They are often called "synthetic marijuana," "herbal incense," or "herbal smoking blends" and often labeled "not for human consumption."
Cannabis in North Carolina is illegal for any use except for very limited medical usage, though decriminalized for possession of 0.5 ounces or less for individuals with three or fewer misdemeanor convictions.
JWH-018 is a full agonist of both the CB 1 and CB 2 cannabinoid receptors, with a reported binding affinity of 9.00 ± 5.00 nM at CB 1 and 2.94 ± 2.65 nM at CB 2. [6] JWH-018 has an EC 50 of 102 nM for human CB 1 receptors, and 133 nM for human CB 2 receptors. [16]
Cannabinoids and their K i values [a] Name Class K i / nM at CB 1 K i / nM at CB 2 Selectivity Structure JWH-004: Naphthoylindole: 48 ± 13: 4 ± 1.5: CB 2 (12x) JWH ...
Many synthetic cannabinoids were designed by Pfizer in the 1970s and 1980s, and feature an alphanumeric code beginning with the prefix "CP" (after Charles Pfizer). Recently, several members of this class of cannabinoids have been discovered in recreational drug products. CP 47,497 — (C6)-CP 47,497 — (C7)-CP 47,497 (CP 47,497 itself) —