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The main feature of the Ngorongoro Conservation Authority is the Ngorongoro Crater, the world's largest inactive, intact and unfilled volcanic caldera. [22] The crater, which formed when a large volcano erupted and collapsed on itself two to three million years ago, is 610 metres (2,000 feet) deep and its floor covers 260 square kilometres (100 ...
The Apolaki Caldera is a volcanic caldera with a diameter of 150 kilometers (93 mi), making it the world's largest caldera. It is located within the Benham Rise (Philippine Rise) and was discovered in 2019 by Jenny Anne Barretto, a Filipino marine geophysicist and her team.
A volcanic crater is an approximately circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity. [1] It is typically a bowl-shaped feature containing one or more vents. During volcanic eruptions , molten magma and volcanic gases rise from an underground magma chamber , through a conduit, until they reach the crater's vent, from where the ...
The EID lists fewer than ten such craters, and the largest in the last 100,000 years (100 ka) is the 4.5 km (2.8 mi) Rio Cuarto crater in Argentina. [2] However, there is some uncertainty regarding its origins [ 3 ] and age, with some sources giving it as < 10 ka [ 2 ] [ 4 ] while the EID gives a broader < 100 ka.
It was historically considered to be the largest volcano on Earth until the submarine mountain Tamu Massif was discovered to be larger. [4] Mauna Loa is a shield volcano with relatively gentle slopes, and a volume estimated at 18,000 cubic miles (75,000 km 3 ), [ 5 ] although its peak is about 125 feet (38 m) lower than that of its neighbor ...
The Vredefort impact structure is the largest verified impact structure on Earth. [1] The crater, which has since been eroded away, has been estimated at 170–300 kilometres (110–190 mi) across when it was formed. [2] [3] The remaining structure, comprising the deformed underlying bedrock, is located in present-day Free State province of ...
2018: Anak Krakatau . The volcanic island of Anak Krakatau in Indonesia saw an eruption on 22 December 2018 which caused a deadly tsunami, with waves surging up to five meters in height.
The outermost ring was identified using seismic reflection data. It is up to 130 kilometers (81 mi) from the crater center, and is a ring of normal faults, throwing down towards the crater center, marking the outer limit of significant crustal deformation. This makes it one of the three largest impact structures on Earth.