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After each instruction copy to the memory address register (MAR), the PC can either increment the pointer to the next sequential instruction, jump to a specified pointer, or branch conditionally to a specified pointer. [2] Also, during a CPU halt, the PC holds the instruction being executed, until an external interrupt or a reset signal is ...
In computer engineering, instruction pipelining is a technique for implementing instruction-level parallelism within a single processor. Pipelining attempts to keep every part of the processor busy with some instruction by dividing incoming instructions into a series of sequential steps (the eponymous "pipeline") performed by different processor units with different parts of instructions ...
The program counter (PC), [1] commonly called the instruction pointer (IP) in Intel x86 and Itanium microprocessors, and sometimes called the instruction address register (IAR), [2] [1] the instruction counter, [3] or just part of the instruction sequencer, [4] is a processor register that indicates where a computer is in its program sequence.
The first machine to use out-of-order execution was the CDC 6600 (1964), designed by James E. Thornton, which uses a scoreboard to avoid conflicts. It permits an instruction to execute if its source operand (read) registers aren't to be written to by any unexecuted earlier instruction (true dependency) and the destination (write) register not be a register used by any unexecuted earlier ...
Memory ordering is the order of accesses to computer memory by a CPU.Memory ordering depends on both the order of the instructions generated by the compiler at compile time and the execution order of the CPU at runtime.
Instruction-level parallelism (ILP) is the parallel or simultaneous execution of a sequence of instructions in a computer program. More specifically, ILP refers to the average number of instructions run per step of this parallel execution.
The superscalar technique is traditionally associated with several identifying characteristics (within a given CPU): Instructions are issued from a sequential instruction stream; The CPU dynamically checks for data dependencies between instructions at run time (versus software checking at compile time)
The XSAVE instruction set extensions are designed to save/restore CPU extended state (typically for the purpose of context switching) in a manner that can be extended to cover new instruction set extensions without the OS context-switching code needing to understand the specifics of the new extensions.