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Adrenal gland disorders (or diseases) are conditions that interfere with the normal functioning of the adrenal glands. [1] Your body produces too much or too little of one or more hormones when you have an adrenal gland dysfunction. The type of issue you have and the degree to which it affects your body's hormone levels determine the symptoms.
With appropriate treatment, the overall outcome is generally favorable, [10] and most people are able to lead a reasonably normal life. [11] Without treatment, an adrenal crisis can result in death. [1] Addison's disease affects about 9 to 14 per 100,000 people in the developed world. [1] [3] It occurs most frequently in middle-aged females. [1]
Adrenal insufficiency can also result when a patient has a brain mass in the pituitary gland (e.g. pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma) which can take up space and interfere with the secretion of pituitary hormones such as ACTH, therefore leading to decreased adrenal stimulation (secondary adrenal insufficiency). [2]
Adrenal fatigue or hypoadrenia is a pseudo-scientific term used by alternative medicine providers to suggest that the adrenal glands are exhausted and unable to produce adequate quantities of hormones, primarily cortisol, due to chronic stress or infections. [1]
[1] [10] Should any affected organs show chronic inflammatory infiltrate ( lymphocytes ), this would be an indication. Moreover, autoantibodies reacting to specific antigens is common, in the immune system of an affected individual.
Melson's syndrome is a disorder that occurs in about one in four patients who have had both adrenal glands removed to treat extreme slackness. [1] In patients with pre-existing adrenocorticotropic hormone ()-secreting pituitary adenomas, loss of adrenal feedback following bilateral adrenalectomy can trigger the rapid growth of the tumor, leading to visual symptoms (e.g. bitemporal hemianopsia ...
Two slices of an adrenal gland with a cortical adenoma, from a person with Conn's syndrome. The condition is due to: [14] Bilateral idiopathic (micronodular) adrenal hyperplasia: 66% of cases [1] Adrenal adenoma (Conn's disease): 33% of cases [1] Primary (unilateral) adrenal hyperplasia: 2% of cases
Adrenal hemorrhage characteristic of the Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome has been identified in several autopsies of patients who died of sepsis secondary to capnocytophaga canimorsus infection. [8] Viruses may also be implicated in adrenal problems: Cytomegalovirus can cause adrenal insufficiency, [9] especially in the immunocompromised.