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Dogs usually present with lethargy, asthaenia, anorexia, or mild pyrexia. Signs of platelet dysfunction such as petechiae or ecchymosis, epistaxis or rhinorrhagia and in severe cases with haematuria; gingival or ocular haemorrhages are used to identify and diagnose thrombocytopaenia. Up to half of dogs may present with splenomegaly. [2] [8] [1]
Clinical signs of the chronic phase include weight loss, pale gums due to anemia, bleeding due to thrombocytopenia, vasculitis, lymphadenopathy, dyspnea, coughing, polyuria, polydipsia, lameness, ophthalmic diseases such as retinal hemorrhage and anterior uveitis, and neurological disease. Dogs that are severely affected can die from this disease.
[3] [11] Dogs suffering systemic manifestations of the disorder often have poorer prognoses. Systemic manifestations include fever, multiple body organ inflammation, nasal (nose) and ocular (eye) discharge, diarrhea, hyperkeratosis of the foot pads, pneumonia, and tooth enamel hypoplasia (many of these symptoms overlap with symptoms of CDV).
Symptoms in dogs include acute arthritis, anorexia and lethargy. There is no rash as is typically seen in humans. [11] Ehrlichiosis is a disease caused by Ehrlichia canis and spread by the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Signs include fever, vasculitis, and low blood counts. [6]
Kittens obtain the majority of their immune response from the colostrum, and are not born with a strong immune response. When they absorb the mother's antibodies against their blood type it causes lysis of the red blood cells leading to anemia. Symptoms include lethargy, weakness, depression, pale mucous membranes, fever, and blood in the urine.
Clinically, affected dogs show a slowly progressive reduction in cardiac and/or pulmonary function. Chronic cough, respiratory distress, food refusal and weight loss, diarrhea, central nervous signs, and tissue hemorrhage are also common symptoms. [33] Diagnosis is made by detection of larva L1 in feces using larval emigration procedures.
Main symptoms that may appear in anemia [20] The hand of a person with severe anemia (on the left, with ring) compared to one without (on the right). A person with anemia may not have any symptoms, depending on the underlying cause, and no symptoms may be noticed, as the anemia is initially mild, and then the symptoms become worse as the anemia worsens.
The diagnosis of hemolytic anemia can be suspected on the basis of a constellation of symptoms and is largely based on the presence of anemia, an increased proportion of immature red cells (reticulocytes) and a decrease in the level of haptoglobin, a protein that binds free hemoglobin.