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The sonographic features of testicular appendiceal torsion include a circular mass with variable echogenicity located adjacent to the testis or epididymis [Fig. 30], reactive hydrocele and skin thickening of the scrotum is common, increased peripheral vascular flow may be found around the testicular appendage on color Doppler ultrasound.
Scrotal ultrasound of a 10 cm large hydrocele testis, with anechoic (dark) fluid surrounding the testicle. Communicating hydrocele testis, caused by the failure of the processus vaginalis closure. Through diagnostic ultrasound the accumulation of fluids can be diagnosed correctly.
A hydrocele testis, the most common form of hydrocele, is the accumulation of fluids around a testicle. It is often caused by fluid collecting within a layer wrapped around the testicle, called the tunica vaginalis, which is derived from peritoneum. Provided there is no hernia present, it goes away without treatment in the first year.
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Testicular atrophy is a medical condition in which one or both testicles (or "testes") diminish in size and may be accompanied by reduced testicular function. Testicular atrophy is not related to the temporary shrinkage of the surrounding scrotum , which might occur in response to cold temperature.
Splenogonadal fusion occurs with a male-to-female ratio of 16:1, and is seen nearly exclusively on the left side. [3] The condition remains a diagnostic challenge, but preoperative consideration of the diagnosis and use of ultrasound may help avoid unnecessary orchiectomy .
For prepubertal transgender girls, testicular tissue cryopreservation (TTC) is currently the only fertility preservation option. [11] An experimental surgical procedure to remove and cryopreserve testicular tissue for a later date when the spermatogonial stem cells can be matured into sperm.
testicular microlithiasis on ultrasound. Testicular microlithiasis is an unusual condition diagnosed on testicular ultrasound. It is believed to be found in 0.1–0.6% of males globally, with frequency varying based on geographic location and is more often found in individuals with subfertility.