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In the 1970s, lead-free ammunition loaded with steel, bismuth, or tungsten composite pellets instead of more traditional lead-based shot was introduced and required for Migratory Bird Hunting (Ducks & Geese). Lead shot in waterfowl hunting was banned throughout the United States in 1991.
Military use of combat shotguns through the 20th century has created a need for ammunition maximizing the combat effectiveness of such weapons within the limitations of international law. 12-gauge has been widely accepted as an appropriate bore diameter to provide an effective number of projectiles within an acceptable recoil. Early 12-gauge ...
Federal Premium Ammunition is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Czechoslovak Group, located in Anoka, Minnesota. With a workforce of nearly 1,500, Federal manufactures shotshell , centerfire , and rimfire ammunition and components.
War Department Supply Manual ORD-11 SNL Group T (Small Arms Ammunition) Department of the Army Supply Bulletin SB 9-AMM5 Ammunition Identification Code (AIC) Department of the Army Supply Manual SM 9-5-1305, Stock List of Current Issue Items, Ammunition and Explosives, AMMUNITION – THROUGH 30 MILLIMETER, Federal Supply Class 1305, April 1958.
Shot shells are also available in many handgun calibers in a configuration known as "birdshot", "rat shot", or "snake shot". Lead shot is also used for a variety of other purposes such as filling cavities with dense material for weight and/or balance. Some versions may be plated with other metals.
The 18, 15, 11, 6, 3, and 2 gauge shells are the rarest of all; [10] owners of these types of rare shotguns will usually have their ammunition custom loaded by a specialist in rare and custom bores. The 14 gauge has not been loaded in the United States since the early 20th century, although the 2 + 9 ⁄ 16 -inch (65 mm) hull is still made in ...
Early ammunition had a 4-digit year with the first 2 digits (thousands and hundreds) at 9 o'clock and the second 2 digits (tens and ones) at 3 o'clock. Ammunition with an E at the 12 o'clock position (which stands for Ersättning, or "Substitute") have a bimetallic cartridge-case (brass-clad steel) due to wartime economy measures during World ...
Factory loadings. Number of manufacturers producing complete cartridges - e.g. Norma, RWS, Hornady, Winchester, Federal, Remington, Sellier & Bellot, Prvi Partizan. May be none for obsolete and wildcat cartridges. H/R: Handgun (H) or rifle (R) - dominant usage of the cartridge (although several dual-purpose cartridges exist)