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The side effects of cyproterone acetate (CPA), a steroidal antiandrogen and progestin, including its frequent and rare side effects, have been studied and characterized.It is generally well-tolerated and has a mild side-effect profile, regardless of dosage, when it used as a progestin or antiandrogen in combination with an estrogen such as ethinylestradiol or estradiol valerate in women.
List of side effects of estradiol which may occur as a result of its use or have been associated with estrogen and/or progestogen therapy includes: [1] [2]. Gynecological: changes in vaginal bleeding, dysmenorrhea, increase in size of uterine leiomyomata, vaginitis including vaginal candidiasis, changes in cervical secretion and cervical ectropion, ovarian cancer, endometrial hyperplasia ...
Cystoscopy has similar indications in animals, including visualisation and biopsy of mucosa, retrieval or destruction of urinary bladder stones and diagnosis of ectopic ureters. [9] [10] [11] In turtle and tortoises, cystoscopy has additional value as it permits the visualisation of internal organs due to the thin urinary bladder wall. [12]
Cyproterone acetate (CPA), sold alone under the brand name Androcur or with ethinylestradiol under the brand names Diane or Diane-35 among others, is an antiandrogen and progestin medication used in the treatment of androgen-dependent conditions such as acne, excessive body hair growth, early puberty, and prostate cancer, as a component of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender individuals ...
Side effects of EEs include nausea, breast tension, edema, and breakthrough bleeding among others. [8] It is an estrogen, or an agonist of the estrogen receptors, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. [5] [3] [4] EEs are a prodrug mainly of estradiol and to a lesser extent of equilin. [5] EEs were introduced for medical use by 1970 ...
Side effects of estradiol in women include breast tenderness, breast enlargement, headache, fluid retention, and nausea among others. [ 11 ] [ 20 ] Men and children who are exposed to estradiol may develop symptoms of feminization , such as breast development and a feminine pattern of fat distribution , and men may also experience low ...
Other side effects of estrogens include an increased risk of blood clots, cardiovascular disease, and, when combined with most progestogens, breast cancer. [1] In men, estrogens can cause breast development, feminization, infertility, low testosterone levels, and sexual dysfunction among others.
Estrone is an estrogen, specifically an agonist of the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. [1] [5] It is a far less potent estrogen than is estradiol, and as such, is a relatively weak estrogen. [1] [5] [6] Given by subcutaneous injection in mice, estradiol is about 10-fold more potent than estrone and about 100-fold more potent than estriol. [7]