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2013, March: Pope Francis, an Argentinean, becomes the first non-European pope in modern times, first pope from the Jesuit order, the first pope from the Americas, and the first pope from the Southern Hemisphere. 2014 No Mass is said in Mosul for the first time in 1,600 years due to the city's fall to ISIL
Jewish religious texts written after Ezra's time were not included in the canon, though they gained popularity among various Jewish groups. Later works incorporated into the Greek translation of the Bible (the Septuagint) came to be known as the deuterocanonical books. Set of scrolls comprising the entire Tanakh: 140-63: The Hasmonean dynasty ...
The Masoretic Text is the basis of modern Jewish and Christian bibles. While difficulties with biblical texts make it impossible to reach sure conclusions, perhaps the most widely held hypothesis is that it embodies an overall scheme of 4,000 years (a "great year") taking the re-dedication of the Temple by the Maccabees in 164 BCE as its end-point. [4]
The creation of a literalist chronology of the Bible faces several hurdles, of which the following are the most significant: . There are different texts of the Jewish Bible, the major text-families being: the Septuagint, a Greek translation of the original Hebrew scriptures made in the last few centuries before Christ; the Masoretic text, a version of the Hebrew text curated by the Jewish ...
The 12th century BC is the period from 1200 to 1101 BC. The Late Bronze Age collapse in the ancient Near East and eastern Mediterranean is often considered to begin in this century. [ 1 ]
c. 1200 BC: Final destruction of the major Mycenian city excavated at Iklaina. c. 1200 BC: The Cimmerians are conjectured to have started settling the steppes of southern Russia. c. 1200 BC: The proto-Scythian Srubna (Timber-grave) culture expands from the lower Volga region to cover the whole of the North Pontic area. c. 1200 BC: Olmec culture ...
Two investiture controversies ended in the 12th century, both concerning whether secular or religious authorities could appoint bishops. One was between the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, which ran from 1076 (starting between Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV) until 1122, when Pope Callixtus II and Emperor Henry V agreed on the Concordat of Worms.
During this period serious theological differences emerged between the Sadducees and Pharisees. Whereas Sadducees favored a limited interpretation of the Torah, Pharisees debated new applications of the law and devised ways for all Jews to incorporate purity practices (hitherto limited to the Jerusalem Temple, see also Ministry of Jesus#Ritual cleanliness) in their everyday lives.