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  2. Sickle cell disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle_cell_disease

    Normal red blood cells are quite elastic and have a biconcave disc shape, which allows the cells to deform to pass through capillaries. In sickle cell disease, low oxygen tension promotes red blood cell sickling and repeated episodes of sickling damage the cell membrane and decrease the cell's elasticity. These cells fail to return to normal ...

  3. Microcytic anemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcytic_anemia

    In microcytic anemia, the red blood cells (erythrocytes) contain less hemoglobin and are usually also hypochromic, meaning that the red blood cells appear paler than usual. This can be reflected by a low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), a measure representing the amount of hemoglobin per unit volume of fluid inside the cell ...

  4. Sickle cell trait - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle_cell_trait

    Sickle cell disease is a blood disorder wherein there is a single amino acid substitution in the hemoglobin protein of the red blood cells, which causes these cells to assume a sickle shape, especially when under low oxygen tension.

  5. Congenital hemolytic anemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_hemolytic_anemia

    The underlying cause of sickle cell anemia is the synthesis of aberrant hemoglobin, which attaches to other aberrant hemoglobin molecules inside the red blood cell to undergo rigid deformation. [18] Sickle cell anemia symptoms usually appear around the age of six months. They can change over time and differ from person to person.

  6. Hemoglobinopathy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobinopathy

    Hemoglobin is a protein containing iron that facilitates the transportation of oxygen in red blood cells. [5] Hemoglobin in the blood carries oxygen from the lungs to the other tissues of the body, where it releases the oxygen to enable aerobic respiration which powers the metabolism. Normal levels of hemoglobin vary according to sex and age in ...

  7. Fetal hemoglobin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_hemoglobin

    Children with sickle-cell disease begin producing a defective form of hemoglobin called hemoglobin S instead, which form chains that cause red blood cells to change their shape from round to sickle-shaped. [35] These defective red blood cells have a much shorter life span than normal red blood cells (10–20 days compared to up to 120 days). [36]

  8. Hemoglobin C - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin_C

    Their red blood cells contain both hemoglobin C and either normal hemoglobin A or hemoglobin S. Hemoglobin C mutation is an autosomal recessive disorder that results from the biparental inheritance of the allele that encodes for hemoglobin C. [6] If both parents are carriers of hemoglobin C, there is a chance of having a child with hemoglobin C ...

  9. Hemoglobin Hopkins-2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin_Hopkins-2

    Hemoglobin S is the variant that causes sickle cell, which is a disorder in which red blood cells break down and become abnormally shaped. Hemoglobin S has two beta chains, whereas hemoglobin Hopkins-2 has two alpha chains.