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Examples of food staples and cereal sources of protein, each with a concentration greater than 7%, are (in no particular order) buckwheat, oats, rye, millet, maize (corn), rice, wheat, sorghum, amaranth, and quinoa. [12] Game meat is an affordable protein source in some countries. [15]
Natural protein concentrates (often used in bodybuilding or as sports dietary supplements): Soy protein isolate (prepared with sodium or potassium): 80.66; Whey protein isolate: 79; Egg white, dried: 81.1; Spirulina alga, dried: 57.45 (more often quoted as 55 to 77) Baker's yeast: 38.33; Hemp husks 30
The words protein, polypeptide, and peptide are a little ambiguous and can overlap in meaning. Protein is generally used to refer to the complete biological molecule in a stable conformation, whereas peptide is generally reserved for a short amino acid oligomers often lacking a stable 3D structure. But the boundary between the two is not well ...
At the top level are all alpha proteins (domains consisting of alpha helices), all beta proteins (domains consisting of beta sheets), and mixed alpha helix/beta sheet proteins. While most proteins adopt a single stable fold, a few proteins can rapidly interconvert between one or more folds. These are referred to as metamorphic proteins. [5]
It is possible with protein combinations of two incomplete protein sources (e.g., rice and beans) to make a complete protein source, and characteristic combinations are the basis of distinct cultural cooking traditions. However, complementary sources of protein do not need to be eaten at the same meal to be used together by the body. [44]
The EAAs in plants vary greatly due to the vast variation in the plant world and, in general, plants have much lower content of proteins than animal food. [2] [3] Some plant-based foods contain few or no EAAs, e.g. some sprouts, mango, pineapple, lime and melon. On the other hand, nuts, seeds, beans and peas contain EAAs in significant quantity.
Muscle tissue is high in protein, containing all of the essential amino acids, and in most cases is a good source of zinc, vitamin B 12, selenium, phosphorus, niacin, vitamin B 6, choline, riboflavin and iron. [28] Several forms of meat are high in vitamin K. [29] Muscle tissue is very low in carbohydrates and does not contain dietary fiber. [30]
Fat-free (defatted) soybean meal is a significant and cheap source of protein for animal feeds and many packaged meals. [4] For example, soybean products, such as textured vegetable protein (TVP), are ingredients in many meat and dairy substitutes. [4] [5] Soybeans contain significant amounts of phytic acid, dietary minerals and B vitamins.