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The main alcohol dehydrogenase in yeast is larger than the human one, consisting of four rather than just two subunits. It also contains zinc at its catalytic site. Together with the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenases of animals and humans, these enzymes from yeasts and many bacteria form the family of "long-chain"-alcohol dehydrogenases.
[4] [6] Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase are present at their highest concentrations (in liver mitochondria). [98] [107] But these enzymes are widely expressed throughout the body, such as in the stomach and small intestine. [2] Some alcohol undergoes a first pass of metabolism in these areas, before it ever enters the ...
Trypsin is an enzyme in the first section of the small intestine that starts the digestion of protein molecules by cutting long chains of amino acids into smaller pieces. It is a serine protease from the PA clan superfamily, found in the digestive system of many vertebrates, where it hydrolyzes proteins.
Tryptophan synthase or tryptophan synthetase is an enzyme (EC 4.2.1.20) that catalyzes the final two steps in the biosynthesis of tryptophan. [1] [2] It is commonly found in Eubacteria, [3] Archaebacteria, [4] Protista, [5] Fungi, [6] and Plantae. [7] However, it is absent from Animalia. [8] It is typically found as an α2β2 tetramer.
Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase is a heme-containing cytosolic enzyme encoded by gene TDO2. [5] Crystallographic studies of Xanthomonas campestris TD) [13] and Ralstonia metallidurans TDO) [16] have revealed that their structures are essentially identical and are intimately associated homotetrameric enzymes. [17]
Chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1, chymotrypsins A and B, alpha-chymar ophth, avazyme, chymar, chymotest, enzeon, quimar, quimotrase, alpha-chymar, alpha-chymotrypsin A, alpha-chymotrypsin) is a digestive enzyme component of pancreatic juice acting in the duodenum, where it performs proteolysis, the breakdown of proteins and polypeptides. [2]
In biochemistry, an esterase is a class of enzyme that splits esters into an acid and an alcohol in a chemical reaction with water called hydrolysis (and as such, it is a type of hydrolase). A wide range of different esterases exist that differ in their substrate specificity, their protein structure , and their biological function.
In biochemistry, a phosphatase is an enzyme that uses water to cleave a phosphoric acid monoester into a phosphate ion and an alcohol. Because a phosphatase enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of its substrate , it is a subcategory of hydrolases . [ 1 ]