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Encephalartos horridus, the Eastern Cape blue cycad, [3] is a small, low-growing cycad up to 0.9 m (3.0 ft) high and 0.9 m (3.0 ft) wide. [4] It is a native of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, and found in arid shrublands, most commonly on ridges and slopes with shallow soils.
Encephalartos is a genus of cycad native to Africa. Several species of Encephalartos are commonly referred to as bread trees , [ 2 ] bread palms [ 3 ] or kaffir bread , [ 4 ] since a bread-like starchy food can be prepared from the centre of the stem.
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The seeds produced are typically large with a hard, stony layer (sclerotesta) beneath a fleshy outer coat (sarcotesta), attracting animals such as birds, rodents and small mammals, which serve as dispersal agents. In most cases, the fleshy coat is eaten off the seed rather than the entire seed being consumed.
Encephalartos hildebrandtii is a species of cycad in the Zamiaceae family. [3] It is native to Kenya and Tanzania at elevations from sea level to 600 metres (2,000 ft). [ 4 ] The species is named for the German explorer Johann Maria Hildebrandt .
Female plants have 1-3 upright, cylindrical cones that are about 50–60 cm (20–24 in) long and 23–25 cm (9–10 in) wide, also olive green, with macrosporophylls about 8 cm (3 in) long. The seeds are roughly egg-shaped, 2.5–3.0 cm (1.0–1.2 in) long, and covered with dark red sarcotesta. [4]
This species is dioecious, producing solitary male cones that are apple green, fusiform, and 18–30 cm long, and pedunculated. The female cones are ovoid, usually solitary but sometimes in pairs, and 20–30 cm long. The seeds are ovoid, 25–35 mm long, 15–20 mm wide, and covered with apricot-colored sarcotesta. [4]
This species is dioecious, with male plants bearing spindle-shaped cones that are 15–20 cm long and 4–5 cm wide, brownish-gray in color. Female plants have a roughly cylindrical, solitary cone about 25 cm long and 8–10 cm wide, also brownish-gray. The seeds are approximately ovoid and 2.5-3.5 cm long, covered in light yellow to orange ...