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According to the American Lung Association, the Denver–Aurora area is the 14th most ozone-polluted area in the U.S. [65] The problem of high ozone levels is not new to this area. In 2004, the EPA allotted the Denver Metro /North Front Range [ b ] as non-attainment areas per 1997's 8-hour ozone standard, [ 66 ] but later deferred this status ...
Water molecules stay close to each other , due to the collective action of hydrogen bonds between water molecules. These hydrogen bonds are constantly breaking, with new bonds being formed with different water molecules; but at any given time in a sample of liquid water, a large portion of the molecules are held together by such bonds. [61]
Water is ~11% hydrogen by mass but ~67% hydrogen by atomic percent, and these numbers along with the complementary % numbers for oxygen in water, are the largest contributors to overall mass and atomic composition figures. Because of water content, the human body contains more oxygen by mass than any other element, but more hydrogen by atom ...
Dew is small drops of water that are condensed when a high density of water vapor meets a cool surface. Dew usually forms in the morning when the temperature is the lowest, just before sunrise and when the temperature of the earth's surface starts to increase. [103] Condensed water in the air may also refract sunlight to produce rainbows.
Ozone cycle illustrated over image by NASA astronaut Scott Kelly. Ozone is a ubiquitous yet highly reactive molecule in the atmosphere. Such a highly reactive oxidizer would normally be dangerous to life but ozone's concentration at sea level is usually not high enough to be toxic.
LIDAR is a common ground-based remote sensing technique that uses laser to measure ozone. The Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) is the network of ozone observing lidars across the United States. [18] Ozonesondes are a form of in situ, or local ozone measuring instruments. An ozonesonde is attached to a meteorological balloon, so that ...
THERE ARE A lot of complex scientific topics present in Netflix's 3 Body Problem (presented, believe it or not, in a far more digestible way than the intense concepts presented in author Cixin Liu ...
The reverse reaction, the addition of singlet oxygen to water, typically does not occur in part due to the scarcity of singlet oxygen. In biological systems, however, ozone is known to be generated from singlet oxygen, and the presumed mechanism is an antibody-catalyzed production of trioxidane from singlet oxygen.