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The Alpine biogeographic region of Europe includes the Alps in France, Italy, Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Switzerland and Monaco, the Apennines in Italy, the Pyrenees between Spain and France, the Scandes in Sweden, Finland and Norway and the Carpathians in Slovakia, Poland, Romania and Ukraine. [1]
The Alpine region area contains 82 peaks higher than 4,000 m (13,000 ft). The altitude and size of the range affect the climate in Europe; in the mountains, precipitation levels vary greatly and climatic conditions consist of distinct zones.
The territory includes 83 NUTS 3-level local administrative divisions and about 6,200 municipalities.. In a narrow sense, the term "Alpine states" could be applied to Austria (28.7% of the total area), Italy (27.2%), and France (21.4%), which represent more than 77% of the Alpine territory and more than three quarters of the Alpine population.
While smaller groups within the Alps may be easily defined by the passes on either side, defining larger units can be problematic. A traditional divide exists between the Western Alps and the Eastern Alps, which uses the Splügen Pass (Italian: Passo dello Spluga) on the Swiss-Italian border, together with the Rhine to the north and Lake Como in the south as the defining features.
Anatomically modern humans reach the Alpine region by c. 30,000 years ago. MtDNA Haplogroup K (believed to have originated in the mid-Upper Paleolithic, between about 30,000 and 22,000 years ago, with an estimated age here of c. 12,000 years BP), is a genetic marker associated with southeastern Alpine region. [1]
Rhine Valley (Alpine Rhine) Ill. Meng; Tamina; Prättigau ; Schanfigg ; posterior Rhine. Albula. Landwasser ; Oberhalbstein (Julier Pass connects to the Inn basin) Albulatal, Bergün, Preda (Albula Pass connects to the Inn basin) Averstal; Splügen Pass connects to the Mera basin, San Bernardino Pass to the Moesa basin; anterior Rhine. Safien ...
The French Alps (French: Alpes françaises; Arpitan: Ârpes francêses; Occitan: Aups francesas; Ligurian: Arpi françéixi) are the portions of the Alps mountain range that stand within France, located in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur regions.
Annaberg im Lammertal; Dachstein West (including Annaberg im Lammertal, Gosau, and Rußbach am Paß Gschütt); Gasteinertal (Bad Gastein, Bad Hofgastein, Sportgastein, Dorfgastein, Großarl)