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The only major group of terrestrial lizards to go extinct at the end of the Cretaceous were the polyglyphanodontians, a diverse group of mainly herbivorous lizards known predominantly from the Northern Hemisphere. [109] The mosasaurs, a diverse group of large predatory marine reptiles, also became extinct. Fossil evidence indicates that ...
Spinosaurus is the longest known terrestrial carnivore; other large carnivores comparable to Spinosaurus include theropods such as Tyrannosaurus, Giganotosaurus and the coeval Carcharodontosaurus. The most recent study suggests that previous body size estimates are overestimated, and that S. aegyptiacus reached 14 m (46 ft) in length and 7.4 t ...
Extinct dinosaurs, as well as modern birds, include genera that are herbivorous and others carnivorous, including seed-eaters, fish-eaters, insectivores, and omnivores. While dinosaurs were ancestrally bipedal (as are all modern birds), some evolved into quadrupeds, and others, such as Anchisaurus and Iguanodon , could walk as easily on two or ...
c. 106 Ma – Spinosaurus evolves. c. 100.5 Ma - Stegosaurs go extinct; c. 100 Ma – First bees. c. 94 Ma - First mosasaurs. [36] c. 93 Ma - Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event causes the extinction of ichthyosaurs and pliosaurs. [37] c. 90 Ma – the Indian subcontinent splits from Gondwana, becoming an island continent. Snakes and ticks evolve.
Species that depended on photosynthesis declined or became extinct as atmospheric particles blocked solar energy. As is the case today, photosynthesizing organisms, such as phytoplankton and land plants , formed the primary part of the food chain in the late Cretaceous, and all else that depended on them suffered, as well.
Artist's depiction of the end-Cretaceous impact eventSince the 19th century, a significant amount of research has been conducted on the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the mass extinction that ended the dinosaur-dominated Mesozoic Era and set the stage for the Age of Mammals, or Cenozoic Era.
Irritator is a genus of spinosaurid dinosaur that lived in what is now Brazil during the Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous Period, about 113 to 110 million years ago.It is known from a nearly complete skull found in the Romualdo Formation of the Araripe Basin.
Neck reconstructions of Sigilmassasaurus (top) and Baryonyx. The validity of Sigilmassaurus, however, did not go unchallenged shortly after it was named.In 1996, Paul Sereno and colleagues described a Carcharodontosaurus skull (SGM-Din-1) from Morocco, as well as a neck vertebra (SGM-Din-3) which resembled that of "Spinosaurus B," which they therefore synonymized with Carcharodontosaurus. [11]