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Speakers use honorifics to indicate their social relationship with the addressee and/or subject of the conversation, concerning their age, social status, gender, degree of intimacy, and situation. One basic rule of Korean honorifics is 'making oneself lower'; the speaker can use honorific forms and also use humble forms to make themselves lower ...
For instance, the hanja ' 爲 ' was used for its native Korean gloss whereas ' 尼 ' was used for its Sino-Korean pronunciation, and combined into ' 爲尼 ' and read hani (하니), 'to do (and so).' [15] In Chinese, however, the same characters are read in Mandarin as the expression wéi ní, meaning 'becoming a nun'.
The term "先生", read sensei in Japanese, hsien sheng/xiansheng in Chinese, seonsaeng in Korean, and tiên sinh in Vietnamese, is an honorific used in the Sinosphere. The term literally means "person born before another" or "one who comes before". [1] In general usage, it is used, with proper form, after a person's name and means "teacher".
Sino-Korean vocabulary includes words borrowed directly from Chinese, as well as new Korean words created from Chinese characters, and words borrowed from Sino-Japanese vocabulary. Many of these terms were borrowed during the height of Chinese-language literature on Korean culture. Subsequently, many of these words have also been truncated or ...
The Korean terms seonbae and hubae are written with the same Chinese characters and indicate a similar senior–junior relationship. [citation needed] Both the Japanese and Korean terms are based on the Chinese honorifics xianbei (先輩/先辈) and houbei (後輩/后辈), written in the same Chinese characters.
The names of the seven levels are derived from the non-honorific imperative form of the verb hada (하다; "to do") in each level, plus the suffix che , which means "style". Each Korean speech level can be combined with honorific or non-honorific noun and verb forms. Taken together, there are 14 combinations.
A courtesy name (Chinese: 字; pinyin: zì; lit. 'character'), also known as a style name, is an additional name bestowed upon individuals at adulthood, complementing their given name. [1] This tradition is prevalent in the East Asian cultural sphere, particularly in China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. [2]
Chinese honorifics (Chinese: 敬語; pinyin: Jìngyǔ) and honorific language are words, word constructs, and expressions in the Chinese language that convey self-deprecation, social respect, politeness, or deference. [1] Once ubiquitously employed in ancient China, a large percent has fallen out of use in the contemporary Chinese lexicon.