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Four types of airframe construction: (1) Truss with canvas, (2) Truss with corrugate plate, (3) Monocoque construction, (4) Semi-monocoque construction. Modern airframe history began in the United States during the Wright Flyer's maiden flight, showing the potential of fixed-wing designs in aircraft.
The word monocoque is a French term for "single shell". [1] First used for boats, [2] a true monocoque carries both tensile and compressive forces within the skin and can be recognised by the absence of a load-carrying internal frame. Few metal aircraft other than those with milled skins can strictly be regarded as pure monocoques, as they use ...
The monocoque sections were very early examples of double-skinned construction, with a smooth outer skin riveted to a longitudinally-corrugated inner skin. The detailed design was by W.T.Read. The complete fuselage was of round-cornered rectangular cross-section and quite slender, mounted between the wings.
The BTC-1 followed the basic design criteria of the 1930s for light transport aircraft. The American design philosophy of the time evolved around twin-engine, six to eight passenger, monocoque monoplanes. Airframe construction of the time was typically all-metal duraluminum with flight control surfaces covered with fabric.
The semi monocoque airframe is made of lightweight aluminum alloys and composite materials. It has a low wing, tricycle landing gear and fuselage-mounted engines. [35] The clean-sheet design draws upon the earlier Canadair CL-600 and Bombardier CRJ. [4] It shares its fuselage cross-section with these aircraft, paired with a new T-tail and wing.
The UTVA 75 features a fully metallic, semi-monocoque airframe, which provides structural strength and durability. The aircraft is powered by a Lycoming O-360 engine, capable of delivering 210 horsepower. This engine configuration allows the aircraft to achieve a maximum speed of 209 km/h (113 knots) and a service ceiling of 4,178 meters ...
The CA-2 requires about 600 hours to build. The airframe is of all-metal construction using 2024-T3 aluminium sheet, extruded angles and tubing, fastened primarily with stainless steel pop rivets. Construction requires normal hand tools, plus a small bending brake and a tube bender. [1] The fuselage and wings are of monocoque stressed skin ...
The Spartan 8W Zeus was a conventional low-wing monoplane of metal construction, with a semi-monocoque fuselage and a cantilever wing. [3] Designed as a two-place trainer, the 8W drew heavily from the design of the Spartan Executive. The wing, undercarriage, and lower half of the fuselage are essentially a modified 7W structure.