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Beryllium ore with a U.S. penny for scale Emerald is a naturally occurring compound of beryllium. The Sun has a concentration of 0.1 parts per billion (ppb) of beryllium. [34] Beryllium has a concentration of 2 to 6 parts per million (ppm) in the Earth's crust and is the 47th most abundant element. [35] [36] It is most concentrated in the soils ...
Beryllium is unique as being the only monoisotopic element with both an even number of protons and an odd number of neutrons. There are 25 other monoisotopic elements but all have odd atomic numbers, and even numbers of neutrons. Of the 10 radioisotopes of beryllium, the most stable are 10 Be with a half-life of 1.387(12) million years [nb 1 ...
Beryllium's most common isotope is 9 Be, which contains 4 protons and 5 neutrons. It makes up almost 100% of all naturally occurring beryllium and is its only stable isotope; however other isotopes have been synthesised. In ionic compounds, beryllium loses its two valence electrons to form the cation, Be 2+.
Since a nucleus with an odd number of protons is relatively less stable, odd-numbered elements tend to have fewer stable isotopes. Of the 26 "monoisotopic" elements that have only a single stable isotope, all but one have an odd atomic number—the single exception being beryllium. In addition, no odd-numbered element has more than two stable ...
Beryllium alloys are used for mechanical parts when stiffness, light weight, and dimensional stability are required over a wide temperature range. [69] [70] Beryllium-9 is used in small-scale neutron sources that use the reaction 9 Be + 4 He (α) → 12 C + 1 n, the reaction used by James Chadwick when he discovered the neutron.
The number of protons in the nucleus also determines its electric charge, which in turn determines the number of ... (on the order of 10 −10) of lithium and beryllium.
Protons are symbolically ... such as conservation of charge and baryon number ... 9 Be + n → 2α + 2n can contribute some additional neutrons in the beryllium ...
When the number of protons ... fields that alpha particles carried a positive charge, ... effect is because beryllium is a small atom whose valence ...