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The International Court of Justice has jurisdiction in two types of cases: contentious cases between states in which the court produces binding rulings between states that agree, or have previously agreed, to submit to the ruling of the court; and advisory opinions, which provide reasoned, but non-binding, rulings on properly submitted questions of international law, usually at the request of ...
ICJ rulings are legally binding on states but not enforceable without their approval or compliance. [75] [76] The International Court of Justice cannot hear the cases of organizations, private enterprises, and individuals. Furthermore, UN agencies are unable to raise a case except in the circumstance of a non-binding advisory opinion.
Under American federalism, a state supreme court's ruling on a matter of purely state law is final and binding and must be accepted in both state and federal courts. However, when a case involves federal statutory or constitutional law, review of state supreme court decisions may be sought by way of a petition for writ of certiorari to the ...
The Hague-based court has no enforcement powers, so advisory opinions and binding rulings have been ignored by some countries in the past.
Customs rulings are binding administrative decisions issued by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) pursuant to 19 C.F.R. Part 177.Rulings may address customs related matters, including United States tariff classification, marking, and valuation.
Boardman’s ruling, they said, stated that Trump’s executive order not only conflicted with the Fourteenth Amendment but "more than one hundred years of binding Supreme Court precedent, as well ...
Circuit court decisions are binding on the district courts within their jurisdiction, imposing some degree of uniformity. When an appeal from a decision of a court of appeals is taken to the federal high court , the Supreme Court of the United States , further uniformity is imposed, because the Supreme Court's decisions are binding on all lower ...
Precedent is a judicial decision that serves as an authority for courts when deciding subsequent identical or similar cases. [1] [2] [3] Fundamental to common law legal systems, precedent operates under the principle of stare decisis ("to stand by things decided"), where past judicial decisions serve as case law to guide future rulings, thus promoting consistency and predictability.