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A Venn diagram is a widely used diagram style that shows the logical relation between sets, popularized by John Venn (1834–1923) in the 1880s. The diagrams are used to teach elementary set theory, and to illustrate simple set relationships in probability, logic, statistics, linguistics and computer science.
Venn diagram showing the union of sets A and B as everything not in white. In combinatorics, the inclusion–exclusion principle is a counting technique which generalizes the familiar method of obtaining the number of elements in the union of two finite sets; symbolically expressed as
The Venn diagram is constructed with a collection of simple closed curves drawn in the plane. The principle of these diagrams is that classes be represented by regions in such relation to one another that all the possible logical relations of these classes can be indicated in the same diagram.
Square of opposition. The lower case letters (a, e, i, o) are used instead of the upper case letters (A, E, I, O) here in order to be visually distinguished from the surrounding upper case letters S (Subject term) and P (Predicate term). In the Venn diagrams, black areas are empty and red areas are nonempty. White areas may or may not be empty.
Information diagrams have also been applied to specific problems such as for displaying the information theoretic similarity between sets of ontological terms. [ 3 ] Venn diagram showing additive and subtractive relationships among various information measures associated with correlated variables X and Y .
[c] For example, Hill & Peterson (1968) [13] present the Venn diagram with shading and all. They give examples of Venn diagrams to solve example switching-circuit problems, but end up with this statement: "For more than three variables, the basic illustrative form of the Venn diagram is inadequate.
The problem is so well known that the entire class is often referred to broadly as "monkey and coconut type problems", though most are not closely related to the problem. Another example: "I have a whole number of pounds of cement, I know not how many, but after addition of a ninth and an eleventh, it was partitioned into 3 sacks, each with a ...
In commemoration of the 180th anniversary of Venn's birth, on 4 August 2014, Google replaced its normal logo on global search pages with an interactive and animated Google Doodle that incorporated the use of a Venn diagram. [24] [25] Venn Street in Clapham, London, which was the home of his grandfather, shows a Venn diagram on the street sign. [26]