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Traction describes the “scooting and rolling” of particles along the bed (Ritter, 2006). In stream load transport, saltation is a bounce-like movement, occurring when large particles are suspended in the stream for a short distance after which they fall to the bed, dislodging particles from the house.
Bed load sediment in the thalweg of Campbell Creek in Alaska. The term bed load or bedload describes particles in a flowing fluid (usually water) that are transported along the stream bed. Bed load is complementary to suspended load and wash load. Bed load moves by rolling, sliding, and/or saltating (hopping).
The bed material load is the portion of the sediment that is transported by a stream that contains material derived from the bed. [1] Bed material load typically consists of all of the bed load, and the proportion of the suspended load that is represented in the bed sediments. It generally consists of grains coarser than 0.062 mm with the ...
Bed load is generally thought to constitute 5–10% of the total sediment load in a stream, making it less important in terms of mass balance. However, the bed material load (the bed load plus the portion of the suspended load which comprises material derived from the bed) is often dominated by bed load, especially in gravel-bed rivers.
In hydrology stream competency, also known as stream competence, is a measure of the maximum size of particles a stream can transport. [1] The particles are made up of grain sizes ranging from large to small and include boulders, rocks, pebbles, sand, silt, and clay. These particles make up the bed load of the stream.
If the upwards velocity is higher than the settling velocity, the sediment will be transported high in the flow as wash load. [10] As there are generally a range of different particle sizes in the flow, it is common for material of different sizes to move through all areas of the flow for given stream conditions.