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Metallurgy derives from the Ancient Greek μεταλλουργός, metallourgós, "worker in metal", from μέταλλον, métallon, "mine, metal" + ἔργον, érgon, "work" The word was originally an alchemist's term for the extraction of metals from minerals, the ending -urgy signifying a process, especially manufacturing: it was discussed in this sense in the 1797 Encyclopædia ...
Physical metallurgy is one of the two main branches of the scientific approach to metallurgy, which considers in a systematic way the physical properties of metals and alloys. It is basically the fundamentals and applications of the theory of phase transformations in metal and alloys. [ 1 ]
Chemical metallurgy is the science of obtaining metals from their concentrates, semi products, recycled bodies and solutions, and of considering reactions of metals with an approach of disciplines belonging to chemistry.
Solid-state physics is the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as solid-state chemistry, quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and metallurgy. It is the largest branch of condensed matter physics .
A fireman turning a bar of metal on a lathe on the USS Harry S. Truman in 2004. Metalworking is the process of shaping and reshaping metals in order to create useful objects, parts, assemblies, and large scale structures.
A micrograph of bronze revealing a cast dendritic structure In some cases, the metallographic structure is large enough to be seen with the unaided eye. Metallography is the study of the physical structure and components of metals, by using microscopy.
The history of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent began prior to the 3rd millennium BCE. [1] Metals and related concepts were mentioned in various early Vedic age texts. The Rigveda already uses the Sanskrit term ayas ( Sanskrit : अयस् , romanized : áyas , lit.
The introduction of iron tools revolutionized agriculture across Africa. Iron hoes, ploughs, and other implements allowed for more efficient land clearing and cultivation, leading to increased agricultural productivity. [18] This agricultural revolution supported population growth, urbanization, and the expansion of trade networks. [19]