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The mammillary bodies also mamillary bodies, are a pair of small round brainstem nuclei. [2] They are located on the undersurface of the brain that, as part of the diencephalon, form part of the limbic system. They are located at the ends of the anterior arches of the fornix. [3]
The mammillary bodies directly or indirectly connect to the amygdala, hippocampus, and thalami as major structures in the limbic system. [6] The mammillothalamic tract carries signals from the mammillary bodies via the anterior thalamus to support spatial memory .
The mammillary bodies are two clusters of cell bodies found at the ends of the posterior fibres of the fornix within the diencephalon. The mammillary bodies relay information from the hippocampal formation (via the fornix) to the thalamus (via the mammillothalamic tract). The mammillary bodies are integral parts of the limbic system and have ...
Its various components support a variety of functions including emotion, behavior, long-term memory, and olfaction. [ 2 ] The limbic system is involved in lower order emotional processing of input from sensory systems and consists of the amygdala , mammillary bodies , stria medullaris , central gray and dorsal and ventral nuclei of Gudden. [ 3 ]
The mammillary bodies form the floor posterior of the tuber cinereum, acting as the link between the fornix and the hypothalamus. Posterior of the mamillary bodies, the ventricle becomes the opening of the cerebral aqueduct, the inferior borders becoming the crus cerebri (sometimes historically called the cerebral peduncle) of the midbrain.
The mammillary bodies are an important part of the Papez circuit. If there is damage, such as loss of neurons and/or myelination, to the mammillary bodies, the Papez circuit can be severely affected. There will be a disruption in the connecting parts of the system.
Lactiferous ducts are ducts that converge and form a branched system connecting the nipple to the lobules of the mammary gland.When lactogenesis occurs, under the influence of hormones, the milk is moved to the nipple by the action of smooth muscle contractions along the ductal system to the tip of the nipple.
Two or more organs working together in the execution of a specific body function form an organ system, also called a biological system or body system. An organ's tissues can be broadly categorized as parenchyma , the functional tissue, and stroma , the structural tissue with supportive, connective, or ancillary functions.