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Some programming languages support array programming, where operations and functions defined for certain data types are implicitly extended to arrays of elements of those types. Thus one can write A + B to add corresponding elements of two arrays A and B .
Array programming primitives concisely express broad ideas about data manipulation. The level of concision can be dramatic in certain cases: it is not uncommon [example needed] to find array programming language one-liners that require several pages of object-oriented code.
In addition to support for vectorized arithmetic and relational operations, these languages also vectorize common mathematical functions such as sine. For example, if x is an array, then y = sin (x) will result in an array y whose elements are sine of the corresponding elements of the array x. Vectorized index operations are also supported.
The base index of an array can be freely chosen. Usually programming languages allowing n-based indexing also allow negative index values and other scalar data types like enumerations, or characters may be used as an array index. Using zero based indexing is the design choice of many influential programming languages, including C, Java and Lisp ...
Programming languages or their standard libraries that support multi-dimensional arrays typically have a native row-major or column-major storage order for these arrays. Row-major order is used in C / C++ / Objective-C (for C-style arrays), PL/I , [ 4 ] Pascal , [ 5 ] Speakeasy , [ citation needed ] and SAS .
APL (named after the book A Programming Language) [3] is a programming language developed in the 1960s by Kenneth E. Iverson. Its central datatype is the multidimensional array . It uses a large range of special graphic symbols [ 4 ] to represent most functions and operators, leading to very concise code.
Some languages may allow list types to be indexed or sliced like array types, in which case the data type is more accurately described as an array. In type theory and functional programming, abstract lists are usually defined inductively by two operations: nil that yields the empty list, and cons, which adds an item at the beginning of a list. [1]
The J programming language, developed in the early 1990s by Kenneth E. Iverson and Roger Hui, [5] [6] is an array programming language based primarily on APL (also by Iverson). To avoid repeating the APL special-character problem, J uses only the basic ASCII character set, resorting to the use of the dot and colon as inflections [ 7 ] to form ...