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Breakthrough bleeding (BTB) is any of various forms of vaginal bleeding, usually referring to mid-cycle bleeding in users of combined oral contraceptives as attributed to insufficient estrogens. [5] It may also occur with other hormonal contraceptives. Sometimes, breakthrough bleeding is classified as abnormal and thereby as a form of IMB. [6]
Vaginal bleeding is any expulsion of blood from the vagina. This bleeding may originate from the uterus, vaginal wall, or cervix. [1] Generally, it is either part of a normal menstrual cycle or is caused by hormonal or other problems of the reproductive system, such as abnormal uterine bleeding.
It is thus a progesterone withdrawal bleed. As there is no progesterone in the anovulatory cycle, bleeding is caused by the inability of estrogen—which needs to be present to stimulate the endometrium in the first place—to support a growing endometrium. Anovulatory bleeding is hence termed 'estrogen breakthrough bleeding'.
bleeding time brachytherapy: BTB: breakthrough bleeding of menstrual period BTL: bilateral tubal ligation: BTP: breakthrough pain: BTT: bridge to transplantation: BUN: blood urea nitrogen: BV: bacterial vaginosis: BVM: bag valve mask (Ambu bag) BVP: biventricular pacing (see artificial pacemaker) bleomycin, vincristine, and cisplatin ...
Breakthrough bleeding; Ovarian bleeding — This is a potentially catastrophic and not so rare complication among lean patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing transvaginal oocyte retrieval. [5] Anus Melena — upper gastrointestinal bleeding; Hematochezia — lower gastrointestinal bleeding, or brisk upper gastrointestinal bleeding ...
While unpredictable breakthrough bleeding is a possible side effect for all hormonal contraceptives, it is more common with progestogen-only formulations. [16] Most regimens of COCPs, NuvaRing, and the contraceptive patch incorporate a placebo or break week that causes regular withdrawal bleeding.
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Bleeding in excess of this norm in a nonpregnant woman constitutes gynecologic hemorrhage. In addition, early pregnancy bleeding has sometimes been included as gynecologic hemorrhage, namely bleeding from a miscarriage or an ectopic pregnancy, while it actually represents obstetrical bleeding. However, from a practical view, early pregnancy ...