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A negative Dst index means that Earth's magnetic field is weakened—particularly the case during solar storms—with a more negative Dst index indicating a stronger solar storm. A paper in 2019 estimated that the May 1921 geomagnetic storm had a peak Dst of −907±132 nT.
The Carrington Event was the most intense geomagnetic storm in recorded history, peaking on 1–2 September 1859 during solar cycle 10.It created strong auroral displays that were reported globally and caused sparking and even fires in telegraph stations. [1]
Magnetosphere in the near-Earth space environment. The solar wind also carries with it the Sun's magnetic field. This field will have either a North or South orientation. If the solar wind has energetic bursts, contracting and expanding the magnetosphere, or if the solar wind takes a southward polarization, geomagnetic storms can be expected.
Most extreme storm of the Space Age by several measures. Outed power grid of province of Quebec. [68] Caused interference to United States power grid. [69] Aug 1989 [70] Nov 1991 Geomagnetic storm of November 1991 An intense solar storm with about half the energy output of the March 1989 storm. Aurorae were visible in the US as far south as ...
The solar wind is observed to exist in two fundamental states, termed the slow solar wind and the fast solar wind, though their differences extend well beyond their speeds. In near-Earth space, the slow solar wind is observed to have a velocity of 300–500 km/s , a temperature of ~ 100 kilokelvin and a composition that is a close match to the ...
The solar wind is divided into the slow solar wind and the fast solar wind. The slow solar wind has a velocity of about 400 kilometres per second (250 mi/s), a temperature of 2 × 10 5 K and a composition that is a close match to the corona. The fast solar wind has a typical velocity of 750 km/s, a temperature of 8 × 10 5 K and nearly matches ...
Space weather is a branch of space physics and aeronomy, or heliophysics, concerned with the varying conditions within the Solar System and its heliosphere. This includes the effects of the solar wind , especially on the Earth's magnetosphere , ionosphere , thermosphere , and exosphere . [ 1 ]
The Great Chicago Fire was a conflagration that burned in the American city of Chicago during October 8–10, 1871. The fire killed approximately 300 people, destroyed roughly 3.3 square miles (9 km 2) of the city including over 17,000 structures, and left more than 100,000 residents homeless. [3]