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push 1L (the number one with type long) onto the stack ldc 12 0001 0010 1: index → value push a constant #index from a constant pool (String, int, float, Class, java.lang.invoke.MethodType, java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle, or a dynamically-computed constant) onto the stack ldc_w 13 0001 0011 2: indexbyte1, indexbyte2 → value
Boxing's most prominent use is in Java where there is a distinction between reference and value types for reasons such as runtime efficiency and syntax and semantic issues. In Java, a LinkedList can only store values of type Object. One might desire to have a LinkedList of int, but this is not directly possible.
The name is derived from Kotlin Island, a Russian island in the Gulf of Finland, near Saint Petersburg. Andrey Breslav, Kotlin's former lead designer, mentioned that the team decided to name it after an island, in imitation of the Java programming language which shares a name with the Indonesian island of Java.
In object-oriented languages, string functions are often implemented as properties and methods of string objects. In functional and list-based languages a string is represented as a list (of character codes), therefore all list-manipulation procedures could be considered string functions.
Lists are one of the fundamental datatypes in OCaml. The following code example defines a recursive function sum that accepts one argument, integers, which is supposed to be a list of integers. Note the keyword rec which denotes that the function is recursive. The function recursively iterates over the given list of integers and provides a sum ...
C, C#, Go, Java, JavaScript, Python, Rust — Java serialization Oracle Corporation — Yes Java Object Serialization: Yes No Yes No Yes — JSON: Douglas Crockford: JavaScript syntax: Yes STD 90/RFC 8259 (ancillary: RFC 6901, RFC 6902), ECMA-404, ISO/IEC 21778:2017: No, but see BSON, Smile, UBJSON: Yes
[1] [2] An instance of a helper class is called a helper object (for example, in the delegation pattern). Helper classes are often created in introductory programming lessons, after the novice programmer has moved beyond creating one or two classes. A utility class is a special case of a helper class in which the methods are all static. [3]
As an example, consider a need of extending the string class with a new reverse method whose return value is a string with the characters in reversed order. Because the string class is a sealed type, the method would typically be added to a new utility class in a manner similar to the following: