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Routes can also be classified based on where the target of action is. Action may be topical (local), enteral (system-wide effect, but delivered through the gastrointestinal tract), or parenteral (systemic action, but is delivered by routes other than the GI tract). Route of administration and dosage form are aspects of drug delivery.
Intravascular administration does not involve absorption, and there is no loss of drug. [4] The fastest route of absorption is inhalation. [5] Absorption is a primary focus in drug development and medicinal chemistry, since a drug must be absorbed before any medicinal effects can take place. Moreover, the drug's pharmacokinetic profile can be ...
Drug delivery systems have been around for many years, but there are a few recent applications of drug delivery that warrant 1. Drug delivery to the brain: Many drugs can be harmful when administered systemically; the brain is very sensitive to medications and can easily cause damage if a drug is administered directly into the bloodstream.
Subcutaneous tissue has few blood vessels and so drugs injected into it are intended for slow, sustained rates of absorption, often with some amount of depot effect. Compared with other routes of administration , it is slower than intramuscular injections but still faster than intradermal injections .
Intramuscular injection is commonly used for medication administration. Medication administered in the muscle is generally quickly absorbed in the bloodstream, and avoids the first pass metabolism which occurs with oral administration. [1]
Drugs which have high membrane-permeability can readily 'leak' from the carrier, while optimization of in vivo stability can cause drug release by diffusion to be a slow and inefficient process. [2] Much of the current research involving liposomes is focused on improving the delivery of anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin and paclitaxel .
Pages in category "Routes of administration" The following 51 pages are in this category, out of 51 total. ... Topical drug delivery; Topical medication;
The sublingual route may also be used for vaccines against various infectious diseases. Thus, preclinical studies have found that sublingual vaccines can be highly immunogenic and may protect against influenza virus [ 4 ] [ 5 ] and Helicobacter pylori , [ 6 ] but sublingual administration may also be used for vaccines against other infectious ...