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Physical and chemical properties of the drug. The physical properties are solid, liquid and gas. The chemical properties are solubility, stability, pH, irritancy etc. Site of desired action: the action may be localised and approachable or generalised and not approachable. Rate of extent of absorption of the drug from different routes.
Intravascular administration does not involve absorption, and there is no loss of drug. [4] The fastest route of absorption is inhalation. [5] Absorption is a primary focus in drug development and medicinal chemistry, since a drug must be absorbed before any medicinal effects can take place. Moreover, the drug's pharmacokinetic profile can be ...
Along with inhalation, ingestion and injection, dermal absorption is a route of exposure for toxic substances and route of administration for medication. Absorption of substances through the skin depends on a number of factors, the most important of which are concentration , duration of contact, solubility of medication, and physical condition ...
Physical properties of the drug (hydrophobicity, pKa, solubility) The drug formulation (immediate release, excipients used, manufacturing methods, modified release – delayed release, extended release, sustained release, etc.) Whether the formulation is administered in a fed or fasted state; Gastric emptying rate; Circadian differences
While route of administration is often used interchangeably with drug delivery, the two are separate concepts. Route of administration refers to the path a drug takes to enter the body, [ 10 ] whereas drug delivery also encompasses the engineering of delivery systems and can include different dosage forms and devices used to deliver a drug ...
The sublingual route may also be used for vaccines against various infectious diseases. Thus, preclinical studies have found that sublingual vaccines can be highly immunogenic and may protect against influenza virus [ 4 ] [ 5 ] and Helicobacter pylori , [ 6 ] but sublingual administration may also be used for vaccines against other infectious ...
Subcutaneous tissue has few blood vessels and so drugs injected into it are intended for slow, sustained rates of absorption, often with some amount of depot effect. Compared with other routes of administration , it is slower than intramuscular injections but still faster than intradermal injections .
Intramuscular injection is commonly used for medication administration. Medication administered in the muscle is generally quickly absorbed in the bloodstream, and avoids the first pass metabolism which occurs with oral administration. [1]