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It is injected into the joint capsule, to act as both a shock absorber and a lubricant for the joint. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Thus sodium hyaluronate is used as a viscosupplement, administered through a series of injections into the knee , increasing the viscosity of the synovial fluid , which helps lubricate, cushion and reduce pain in the joint. [ 6 ]
In osteoarthritis, there is a loss of articular hyaluronic acid activity, likely contributing to pain and stiffness associated with the condition. Hyaluronic acid injections are an FDA-approved treatment for osteoarthritis of the knee, and are sometimes also used for other joints. However, the merits of HA injections are still disputed.
A 2020 meta-analysis found that intra-articular injection of high molecular weight HA improved both pain and function in people with knee osteoarthritis. [27] Hyaluronic acid has been used to treat dry eye. [28] Hyaluronic acid is a common ingredient in skin care products. Hyaluronic acid is used as a dermal filler in cosmetic surgery. [29]
In osteoarthritis, joint injection of glucocorticoids (such as hydrocortisone) leads to short term pain relief that may last between a few weeks and a few months. [5] Injections of hyaluronic acid have not produced improvement compared to placebo for knee arthritis, [6] [7] but did increase risk of further pain. [6]
Hyaluronic acid is a “great hydrator for pretty much all skin types,” one expert said.
Prolotherapy involves the injection of an irritant solution into a joint space, [22] weakened ligament, or tendon insertion to relieve pain. [ 7 ] Most commonly, hyperosmolar dextrose (a sugar) is the solution used; [ 23 ] glycerine , [ 20 ] lidocaine (a commonly used local anesthetic ), [ 24 ] phenol , [ 20 ] and sodium morrhuate (a derivative ...
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