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Herpetic simplex keratitis is a form of keratitis caused by recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in the cornea. [ 1 ] It begins with infection of epithelial cells on the surface of the eye and retrograde infection of nerves serving the cornea. [ 2 ]
Herpes simplex keratitis occurs due to latent HSV reactivation in the ophthalmic nerve (the V1 branch of the trigeminal nerve). [3] Herpes keratitis is classically associated with a branching (dendritic) infiltrate pattern of inflammation in the corneal epithelium and may cause clouding of the cornea. [3]
Herpetic whitlow typically involves the fingers or thumb, [7] herpes simplex keratitis involves the eye, [8] herpesviral encephalitis involves the brain, [9] and neonatal herpes involves any part of the body of a newborn, among others. [10] There are two types of herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). [1]
Symptoms, when they occur, may include watery blisters in the skin of any location of the body, or in mucous membranes of the mouth, lips, nose, genitals, [1] or eyes (herpes simplex keratitis). [7] Lesions heal with a scab characteristic of herpetic disease. Sometimes, the viruses cause mild or atypical symptoms during outbreaks.
Oral and/or genital herpes, herpetic gingivostomatitis, pharyngitis, eczema herpeticum, herpetic whitlow, herpes simplex keratitis, erythema multiforme, encephalitis, as well as other herpes simplex infections: Neuron (sensory ganglia) Close contact (oral or sexually transmitted infection) HHV-2: Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) α: Mucoepithelial
Corneal ulcer, also called keratitis, is an inflammatory or, more seriously, infective condition of the cornea involving disruption of its epithelial layer with involvement of the corneal stroma. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is a common condition in humans particularly in the tropics and in farming. [ 4 ]
Trifluridine eye drops are used for the treatment of keratitis and keratoconjunctivitis caused by the herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, as well as for prevention and treatment of vaccinia virus infections of the eye. [3]
Idoxuridine is mainly used topically to treat herpes simplex keratitis. [3] Epithelial lesions, especially initial attacks presenting with a dendritic ulcer, are most responsive to therapy, while infection with stromal involvement are less responsive. [4] Idoxuridine is ineffective against herpes simplex virus type 2 and varicella-zoster. [3]