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The pineal gland is present in almost all vertebrates, but is absent in protochordates in which there is a simple pineal homologue. The hagfish , archaic vertebrates, lack a pineal gland. [ 7 ] In some species of amphibians and reptiles, the gland is linked to a light-sensing organ, variously called the parietal eye , the pineal eye or the ...
1.2.3 Skin. 1.2.4 Teeth. 1.2.5 Eyes. ... Part of a series of lists about: Human anatomy; ... Pineal gland. Pinealocyte; Cells derived from mesoderm
In humans, the major endocrine glands are the thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, pineal, and adrenal glands, and the (male) testis and (female) ovaries. The hypothalamus, pancreas, and thymus also function as endocrine glands, among other functions. (The hypothalamus and pituitary glands are organs of the neuroendocrine system.
Peyer's patches (or glands) ileum, lymphatic glands Pineal gland: brain: melatonin: 32 Prostate: surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder: tubulo-alveolar 33 Pyloric glands: antrum of the pylorus, stomach: mucous, gastrin: simple branched tubular 34 Sebaceous gland: skin: sebum acinar - branched 35 Skene's gland, lesser vestibular ...
Greek physician Galen was the first to give written description about the pineal gland in the 2nd century CE. [8] He indicated that the structure as an part of the brain was already known to earlier Greek scholars, crediting Herophilus (325–280 BCE) as the first to have described the possible role of the gland. [9]
The pineal gland is located in the diencephalon of the brain. It primarily releases melatonin , which influences daily rhythms and may have an antigonadotropic effect in humans. [ citation needed ] It may also influence the melanotropes and melanocytes located in the skin.
These ends create thousands of tiny wounds in the skin, which puts the body's immune system into hyperdrive. Blood cells called macrophages go to the site of the wound and engulf the ink particles ...
An abundance of cilia and centrioles has also been found in these Type 2 cells of the pineal gland. [7] Unique to the Type 2 is the presence of vacuoles containing 2 layers of membrane. [7] As Type 1 cells contain serotonin, Type 2 cells contain melatonin and are thought to have similar characteristics as endocrine and neuronal cells. [8]