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The breakthrough in chemical leavening agents occurred in the 1930s with the introduction of monocalcium phosphates (Ca(H 2 PO 4) 2). Other leavening agents developed include sodium aluminium sulfate (NaAl(SO 4) 2 ·12H 2 O), disodium pyrophosphate (Na 2 H 2 P 2 O 7), and sodium aluminium phosphates (NaH 14 Al 3 (PO 4) 8 ·4H 2 O and Na 3 H 15 ...
Disodium pyrophosphate is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders. It combines with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide: Na 2 H 2 P 2 O 7 + NaHCO 3 → Na 3 HP 2 O 7 + CO 2 + H 2 O. It is available in a variety of grades that affect the speed of its action.
Hartshorn salt, also known as hartshorn, baker's ammonia, ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate is used as a leavening agent in baked goods in place of yeast, baking soda and baking powder. It was more popular in the 1700s and prior as a forerunner of the modern baking powder [ 7 ] but is still used today in traditional German, Swiss ...
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate is used in the food industry as a leavening agent, i.e., to cause baked goods to rise. Because it is acidic, when combined with an alkali carbonate ingredient, commonly sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) or potassium bicarbonate, it reacts to produce carbon dioxide and a salt. Outward pressure of the carbon dioxide ...
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Ammonium carbonate may be used as a leavening agent in traditional recipes, particularly those from northern Europe and Scandinavia (e.g. Amerikaner, Speculoos, Tunnbröd or Lebkuchen). It was the precursor to today's more commonly used baking powder. Originally made from ground deer horn and called hartshorn, today it is called baker's ammonia.
Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...