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The conventions of this class calculate the number of days between two dates (e.g., between Date1 and Date2) as the Julian day difference. This is the function Days(StartDate, EndDate). The conventions are distinguished primarily by the amount of the CouponRate they assign to each day of the accrual period.
The average duration of the bonds in the portfolio is often reported. The duration of a portfolio equals the weighted average maturity of all of the cash flows in the portfolio. If each bond has the same yield to maturity, this equals the weighted average of the portfolio's bond's durations, with weights proportional to the bond prices. [1]
The initial step is to decide the forecast period, i.e. the time period for which the individual yearly cash flows input to the DCF formula will be explicitly modeled. Cash flows after the forecast period are represented by a single number; see § Determine the continuing value below.
where is the number of days in the period, and is the number of days in the year. The main variables that affect the calculation are the period between interest payments and the day count convention used to determine the fraction of year, and the date rolling convention in use.
WAL should not be confused with the following distinct concepts: Bond duration Bond duration is the weighted-average time to receive the discounted present values of all the cash flows (including both principal and interest), while WAL is the weighted-average time to receive simply the principal payments (not including interest, and not discounting).
The present value formula is the core formula for the time value of money; each of the other formulas is derived from this formula. For example, the annuity formula is the sum of a series of present value calculations. The present value (PV) formula has four variables, each of which can be solved for by numerical methods:
“Put maturity dates on your calendar a week before they’re due, with two alerts,” advises Petersmarck. “That way, if you miss the first one, you still have a backup alert.”
The standard broker valuation formula (incorporated in the Price function in Excel or any financial calculator, such as the HP10bII) confirms this; the main term calculates the actual (dirty price), which is the total cash exchanged, less a second term which represents the amount of accrued interest.