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The First Cod War lasted from 1 September 1958 to 11 March 1961. [ 34 ] [ 17 ] It began as soon as a new Icelandic law came into force and expanded the Icelandic fishery zone from 4 to 12 nautical miles (7.4 to 22.2 km) at midnight on 1 September 1958.
The First Cod War saw a total of 37 Royal Navy ships and 7,000 sailors protecting the fishing fleet from six Icelandic gunboats and their 100 coast guards. [9] The Second Cod War between the United Kingdom and Iceland lasted from September 1972 until the signing of a temporary agreement in November 1973.
The First Cod War (1958–1961) was fought over Iceland's extension from 4 to 12 nautical miles (7 to 22 km). The Second Cod War (1972–1973) occurred when Iceland extended the limits to 50 miles (93 km). The Third Cod War (1975–1976) was fought over Iceland's extension of its fishery limits to 200 miles (370 km).
In the First Cod War, which started on 1 September 1958, Icelandic fisheries protection vessels made numerous attempts to stop British trawlers from fishing in contested waters, attempting to arrest the trawlers or cut their nets.
It has never participated in a full-scale war or invasion, and the constitution of Iceland has no mechanism to declare war. [1] None of the Cod Wars meet any of the common thresholds for a conventional war, and they may more accurately be described as militarised interstate disputes between Iceland and the United Kingdom. [2] [3] [4] [5]
During the first Cod War, the ship was rammed and shelled by Icelandic trawlers and the Icelandic Navy respectively. [9] On 30 April 1959, the Icelandic boat, Thor, attempted to detain the Arctic Viking after she was observed fishing in Icelandic territorial waters, something that the Icelandic Government viewed as Illegal.
At 10:40 the net cutter was deployed into the water for the first time and Ægir sailed along the trawler's port side. The fishermen tossed a thick nylon rope into the water as the patrol ship closed in, attempting to disable its propeller. After passing the trawler, Ægir veered to the trawler's starboard side.
Malcolm was part of a five-ship group that was deployed to Iceland for fishery protection duties in what became known as the Cod Wars. She operated out of Edinburgh during the first Cod War, [2] and from Rosyth after that. Malcolm was refitted at Rosyth from February 1965 until March 1966, when she rejoined the Fishery Patrol Squadron. [1]