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The procedural interface is similar to that of the old MySQL extension. In many cases, the function names differ only by prefix. Some MySQLi functions take a connection handle as their first argument, whereas matching functions in the old MySQL interface took it as an optional last argument. New and old native function calls
Connection pooling is a technique designed to alleviate this problem. A pool of database connections can be created and then shared among the applications that need to access the database. The connection object obtained from the connection pool is often a wrapper around the actual database connection.
If the data access layer supports multiple database types, the application becomes able to use whatever databases the DAL can talk to. In either circumstance, having a data access layer provides a centralized location for all calls into the database, and thus makes it easier to port the application to other database systems (assuming that 100% ...
A function is a subprogram written to perform certain computations. A scalar function returns only one value (or NULL), whereas a table function returns a (relational) table comprising zero or more rows, each row with one or more columns. Functions must return a value (using the RETURN keyword), but for stored procedures this is not mandatory.
Views, a virtual table that is made as it is queried; Synonyms, alternate names for a table, view, sequence or other object in a database; Stored procedures and user-defined functions; Triggers, procedures which are run automatically based on specific events; Constraints, a constraint on the domain of an attribute; User accounts, schemas and ...
Major DBMSs, including SQLite, [5] MySQL, [6] Oracle, [7] IBM Db2, [8] Microsoft SQL Server [9] and PostgreSQL [10] support prepared statements. Prepared statements are normally executed through a non-SQL binary protocol for efficiency and protection from SQL injection, but with some DBMSs such as MySQL prepared statements are also available using a SQL syntax for debugging purposes.
Both statement level and row level triggers are supported. If there are more triggers for same operation on table then firing order is determined by trigger creation data. Since version 9.7 IBM DB2 supports autonomous transactions. [6] Before trigger is for checking data and deciding if operation should be permitted.
A derived table is the use of referencing an SQL subquery in a FROM clause. Essentially, the derived table is a subquery that can be selected from or joined to. The derived table functionality allows the user to reference the subquery as a table. The derived table is sometimes referred to as an inline view or a subselect.