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A real number a can be regarded as a complex number a + 0i, whose imaginary part is 0. A purely imaginary number bi is a complex number 0 + bi, whose real part is zero. It is common to write a + 0i = a, 0 + bi = bi, and a + (−b)i = a − bi; for example, 3 + (−4)i = 3 − 4i.
In mathematics, the complex conjugate of a complex number is the number with an equal real part and an imaginary part equal in magnitude but opposite in sign. That is, if a {\displaystyle a} and b {\displaystyle b} are real numbers, then the complex conjugate of a + b i {\displaystyle a+bi} is a − b i . {\displaystyle a-bi.}
The technique of the previous example may also be applied to other Dirichlet series. If a n = μ ( n ) {\displaystyle a_{n}=\mu (n)} is the Möbius function and ϕ ( x ) = x − s {\displaystyle \phi (x)=x^{-s}} , then A ( x ) = M ( x ) = ∑ n ≤ x μ ( n ) {\displaystyle A(x)=M(x)=\sum _{n\leq x}\mu (n)} is Mertens function and
In algebra, a split-complex number (or hyperbolic number, also perplex number, double number) is based on a hyperbolic unit j satisfying =, where . A split-complex number has two real number components x and y , and is written z = x + y j . {\displaystyle z=x+yj.}
The formula is important because it connects complex numbers and trigonometry. By expanding the left hand side and then comparing the real and imaginary parts under the assumption that x is real, it is possible to derive useful expressions for cos nx and sin nx in terms of cos x and sin x. As written, the formula is not valid for non-integer ...
Zeros of the Riemann zeta except negative even integers are called "nontrivial zeros". The Riemann hypothesis states that the real part of every nontrivial zero must be 1 / 2 . In other words, all known nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta are of the form z = 1 / 2 + yi where y is a real number.