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A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...
Bonds with partially ionic and partially covalent characters are called polar covalent bonds. [2] Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or in solution, typically not when solid. Ionic compounds generally have a high melting point, depending on the charge of the ions they consist of. The higher the charges the stronger the cohesive ...
Weak inter molecular bonding, which forms molecular solids (sometimes anomalously called "covalent solids") Typical members of these classes have distinctive electron distributions, [ 2 ] thermodynamic, electronic, and mechanical properties.
Each chemical element has a unique atomic number (Z— for "Zahl", German for "number") representing the number of protons in its nucleus. [4] Each distinct atomic number therefore corresponds to a class of atom: these classes are called the chemical elements. [5] The chemical elements are what the periodic table classifies and organizes.
Covalent bonding occurs between nonmetal elements. Compounds bonded covalently are also known as molecules. For the compound, the first element is named first and with its full elemental name. The second element is named as if it were an anion (base name of the element + -ide suffix).
In alphabetic order: Coinage metals – Various metals used to mint coins, primarily the group 11 elements Cu, Ag, and Au. Earth metal – Old historic term, usually referred to the metals of groups 3 and 13, although sometimes others such as beryllium and chromium are included as well.
The following are subcategories containing chemical compounds by element. An alternative listing of inorganic compounds may be found at inorganic compounds by element . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chemical compounds by element .
One-electron bonds often have about half the bond energy of a 2-electron bond, and are therefore called "half bonds". However, there are exceptions: in the case of dilithium, the bond is actually stronger for the 1-electron Li + 2 than for the 2-electron Li 2. This exception can be explained in terms of hybridization and inner-shell effects. [12]