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Heard Island and McDonald Islands in the Southern Ocean A map of Heard Island and McDonald Islands. Heard Island, by far the largest of the group, is a 368-square-kilometre (142 sq mi) mountainous island covered by 41 glaciers [22] (the island is 80% covered with ice [2]) and dominated by the Big Ben massif.
There is a small group of islets and rocks about 10 kilometres (6 mi) northeast of the northern coast of Heard Island, consisting of Shag Islet, [5] Sail Rock, Drury Rock, and Black Rock. They total about 1.1 square kilometres (0.4 sq mi) in area. Morgan Island is 2 kilometres (1 mi) east of Cape Bidlingmaier on Heard Island.
Big Ben is the large massif to the bottom right (southeast) of this image of Heard Island, from NASA WorldWind. Big Ben formed about one million years ago. [5] Volcanic activity at the cone has been known since 1881.
Map of the islands. This is a list of the birds of Heard Island and the adjacent McDonald Islands in the southern Indian Ocean. For other animals there, see List of non-avian fauna of Heard Island and McDonald Islands. The avifauna of Antarctica include a total of 47 species, of which 1 is endemic.
Heard Island from a boat facing southwest from approximately the Shag Islets Field party, roped together, explore badly crevassed glacier - Heard Island 1950s. Heard Island is a volcanic island in the Southern Ocean that is 80% covered in ice. [1] The island is cold and steep, and experiences high levels of snowfall. [2]
This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Heard Island and McDonald Islands. There are approximately 29 mammal species in Heard Island and McDonald Islands. [1] [2] The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature: [3]
Cape Arkona is a rocky headland between the mouths of Lied Glacier and Gotley Glacier on the southwest side of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean. The feature appears to be roughly charted on an 1860 sketch map prepared by Captain H.C. Chester, an American sealer operating in the area during this period.
The Heard Island glaciers covered 79 percent of Heard Island itself, in 1947, covering 288 km 2; by 1988, this had decreased by 11 percent to 257 km 2. [1] The glaciers fall under the Antarctic Environmental Gradient, which spans 30 degrees of latitude and includes a range of macro-climatic zones from cool temperate islands to the frigid and arid Antarctic continent. [2]