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Initial movements of Roman (red) and Slave (blue) forces from the Capuan revolt to the end of winter 73–72 BC. Insert: Vesuvius area. As the revolt and raids were occurring in Campania, which was a vacation region of the rich and influential in Rome, and the location of many estates, the revolt quickly came to the attention of Roman authorities.
The Servile Wars were a series of three slave revolts ("servile" is derived from servus, Latin for "slave") in the late Roman Republic: First Servile War (135−132 BC) — in Sicily, led by Eunus, a former slave claiming to be a prophet, and Cleon from Cilicia. Second Servile War (104−100 BC) — in Sicily, led by Athenion and Tryphon.
The First Servile War of 135–132 BC was a slave rebellion against the Roman Republic, which took place in Sicily.The revolt started in 135 when Eunus, a slave from Syria who claimed to be a prophet, captured the city of Enna in the middle of the island with 400 fellow slaves.
SPQR A History of Ancient Rome. New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2015, ISBN 978-1-63149-222-8; Harman, Chris. Spartacus and the Slave Revolt that Shook the Roman Empire. London: Redwords, 2024. ISBN 9781917020107
He escaped from a gladiator school in 73 BC with around 70 other slaves, and would eventually lead a slave revolt that took over most of southern Italy with around 90,000 men.
An ancient Roman restaurant (thermopolium) near the forum in Ostia Antica: all aspects of food preparation and service employed both free and slave labor. In the city of Rome, working people and their slaves lived in insulae, multistory buildings with shops on the ground floor and apartments above. [426]
Eunus' revolt was the first mass slave uprising in the Roman Republic, and, according to ancient sources, the largest of its kind in antiquity. [5] [61] Eunus' revolt inspired slave uprisings in Rome and Italy, which later slave leaders, including Spartacus in the Third Servile War, were unable to replicate. [62]
The revolt was quelled, and 1,000 slaves who surrendered were sent to fight against beasts in the arena back at Rome for the amusement of the populace. To spite the Romans, they refused to fight and killed each other quietly with their swords, until the last flung himself on his own blade. [ 5 ]