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The clouds in this image of the Amazon Rainforest are a result of evapotranspiration. Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. It is a passive process that requires no energy expense by the plant. [1]
A pitot tube (/ ˈpiːtoʊ / PEE-toh; also pitot probe) measures fluid flow velocity. It was invented by French engineer Henri Pitot in the early 18th century, [1] and modified to its modern form in the mid-19th century by Henry Darcy. [2] It is widely used to determine the airspeed of aircraft; [3] the water speed of boats; and the flow ...
Velocimetry is the measurement of the velocity of fluids. This is a task often taken for granted, and involves far more complex processes than one might expect. It is often used to solve fluid dynamics problems, study fluid networks, in industrial and process control applications, as well as in the creation of new kinds of fluid flow sensors.
Ducts are conduits or passages used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) to deliver and remove air. The needed airflows include, for example, supply air, return air, and exhaust air. [1] Ducts commonly also deliver ventilation air as part of the supply air. As such, air ducts are one method of ensuring acceptable indoor air ...
Modern tube anemometers use the same principle as in the Dines anemometer, but using a different design. The implementation uses a pitot-static tube, which is a pitot tube with two ports, pitot and static, that is normally used in measuring the airspeed of aircraft. The pitot port measures the dynamic pressure of the open mouth of a tube with ...
Spectrophotometry is a branch of electromagnetic spectroscopy concerned with the quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength. [2] Spectrophotometry uses photometers, known as spectrophotometers, that can measure the intensity of a light beam at different wavelengths.
The air moves down the pressure gradient through the airways of the lungs and into the alveoli until the pressure of the air and that in the alveoli are equal, that is, the movement of air by bulk flow stops once there is no longer a pressure gradient. Second, there is a "diffusion" process.
Stress expresses the internal forces that neighbouring particles of a continuous material exert on each other, while strain is the measure of the relative deformation of the material. [3] For example, when a solid vertical bar is supporting an overhead weight , each particle in the bar pushes on the particles immediately below it.