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The brahmavihārā (sublime attitudes, lit. "abodes of Brahma") is a series of four Buddhist virtues and the meditation practices made to cultivate them. They are also known as the four immeasurables (Pāli: appamaññā) [1] or four infinite minds (Chinese: 四無量心). [2]
[1] [3] [4] In modern Jainism, the monks continue to wander from town to town except during the rainy season (chaturmasya), and the term "vihara" refers to their wanderings. [5] [6] Vihara or vihara hall has a more specific meaning in the architecture of India, especially ancient Indian rock-cut architecture. Here it means a central hall, with ...
Many passages in the Pali Canon and post-canonical commentaries identify upekkhā as an important aspect of spiritual development. It is one of the Four Sublime States of Brahmavihara, which purify mental states capable of counteracting the defilements of lust, aversion, and ignorance.
Upekkhā, equanimity, which is perfected in the fourth dhyana, is one of the four Brahma-vihara. While the commentarial tradition downplayed the Brahma-viharas , Gombrich notes that the Buddhist usage of the brahma-vihāra , originally referred to an awakened state of mind, and a concrete attitude toward other beings which was equal to "living ...
Brahmavihara-Arama, also known as Vihara Buddha Banjar due to its location in the Banjar District of Buleleng, is a Buddhist temple and monastery in the mountains near Lovina in North Bali, Indonesia. [1] Due to its location within Bali—a predominantly Hindu island—this temple has significant Hindu influence in its statues and architecture. [2]
The deity known as Brahma is also found in the samsara doctrine and cosmology of early Buddhism. [19] [20] Brahma is known as Fantian (梵天) in Chinese, Bonten (梵天) in Japanese, Hoān-thian (梵天) in Taiwanese, Pomch'on in Korean, Phạm Thiên in Vietnamese, Phra Phrom in Thai, and Tshangs pa in Tibetan. [3]
Absorption in the first three jhanas can be realized by contemplating the first three brahma-viharas. However, these meditations cannot aid in attaining the fourth jhana due to the pleasant feelings associated with them. Conversely, once the fourth jhana is induced, the fourth brahma-vihara (equanimity) arises. [13]
The Mahābrahmā, or the Great Brahma, is mentioned in Digha Nikaya as the being who dwells in the upper heaven; a Buddhist student can join him for one kalpa (eon, Brahma-year in Buddhism) after successfully entering the first jhana in the form realm of Buddhist practice. [2] In many Buddhist Suttas/Sutras, Mahabrahma pays visit to the Buddha.