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The identity of titanium species in aqueous solution remains unknown because of its low solubility and the lack of sensitive spectroscopic methods, although only the 4+ oxidation state is stable in air. No evidence exists for a biological role, although rare organisms are known to accumulate high concentrations of titanium. [32]
The group 4 elements are hard refractory metals with low aqueous solubility and low availability to the biosphere. Titanium and zirconium are relatively abundant, whereas hafnium is rare in the environment, and rutherfordium non-existent. Titanium has no known role in any organism's biology.
Titanium(III) compounds are characteristically violet, illustrated by this aqueous solution of titanium trichloride. Titanium tetrachloride (titanium(IV) chloride, TiCl 4 [ 18 ] ) is a colorless volatile liquid (commercial samples are yellowish) that, in air, hydrolyzes with spectacular emission of white clouds.
A metal ion in aqueous solution or aqua ion is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula [M(H 2 O) n] z+. The solvation number , n , determined by a variety of experimental methods is 4 for Li + and Be 2+ and 6 for most elements in periods 3 and 4 of the periodic table .
Titanium(III) chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula TiCl 3. At least four distinct species have this formula; additionally hydrated derivatives are known. TiCl 3 is one of the most common halides of titanium and is an important catalyst for the manufacture of polyolefins .
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
The tables below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at one atmosphere pressure. Units of solubility are given in grams of substance per 100 millilitres of water (g/100 ml), unless shown otherwise. The substances are listed in alphabetical order.
Titanium tetrachloride is the inorganic compound with the formula TiCl 4. It is an important intermediate in the production of titanium metal and the pigment titanium dioxide . TiCl 4 is a volatile liquid.