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  2. Asphalt concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalt_concrete

    Asphalt batch mix plant A machine laying asphalt concrete, fed from a dump truck. Asphalt concrete (commonly called asphalt, [1] blacktop, or pavement in North America, and tarmac or bitumen macadam in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland) is a composite material commonly used to surface roads, parking lots, airports, and the core of embankment dams. [2]

  3. Road surface - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_surface

    Cold mix asphalt is often used on lower-volume rural roads, where hot mix asphalt would cool too much on the long trip from the asphalt plant to the construction site. [18] An asphalt concrete surface will generally be constructed for high-volume primary highways having an average annual daily traffic load greater than 1,200 vehicles per day. [19]

  4. Macadam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macadam

    A more durable road surface (modern mixed asphalt pavement), sometimes referred to in the U.S. as blacktop, was introduced in the 1920s. Instead of laying the stone and sand aggregates on the road and then spraying the top surface with binding material, in the asphalt paving method the aggregates are thoroughly mixed with the binding material ...

  5. Rut (roads) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut_(roads)

    Ruts can be formed by wear, as from studded snow tires common in cold climate areas, or they can form through the deformation of the asphalt concrete, pavement or subbase material. In modern roads the main cause is heavily loaded trucks. These heavy loaded trucks imprint their tire impressions on roads over time, causing ruts.

  6. Permeable paving - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permeable_paving

    Permeable pavement surfaces may be composed of; pervious concrete, porous asphalt, paving stones, or interlocking pavers. [1] Unlike traditional impervious paving materials such as concrete and asphalt, permeable paving systems allow stormwater to percolate and infiltrate through the pavement and into the aggregate layers and/or soil below. In ...

  7. Wearing course - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wearing_course

    The term 'surface course' is sometimes used slightly different, to describe very thin surface layers such as chip seal. In rigid pavements the upper layer is a portland cement concrete slab. In flexible pavements, the upper layer consists of asphalt concrete, that is a construction aggregate with a bituminous binder.

  8. Sidewalk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidewalk

    Usually constructed of concrete, pavers, brick, stone, or asphalt, it is designed for pedestrians. A sidewalk is normally higher than the roadway , and separated from it by a curb . There may also be a planted strip between the sidewalk and the roadway and between the roadway and the adjacent land.

  9. Cross slope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_slope

    Sub-base; 4. Base course; 5. Asphalt. Cross slope, cross fall or camber is a geometric feature of pavement surfaces: the transverse slope with respect to the horizon. It is a very important safety factor. Cross slope is provided to provide a drainage gradient so that water will run off the surface to a drainage system such as a street gutter or ...