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Toggle bolts have wings that open inside a hollow wall, bracing against it to hold the fastener securely. [1] The wings, once fully opened, greatly expand the surface area making contact with the back of the hollow wall. This ultimately spreads out the weight of the secured item, increasing the weight that can be secured compared to a regular bolt.
Drywall screws designated as fine are the most common screws to use the twinfast style of threads. [5] wood screw: A metal screw with a sharp point designed to attach two pieces of wood together. Wood screws are commonly available with flat, pan, or oval-heads. A wood screw generally has a partially unthreaded shank below the head.
Oxide jacking has caused concrete spalling on walls of the Herbst Pavilion at Fort Mason Center in San Francisco. The expansive force of rusting, which may be called oxide jacking or rust burst, is a phenomenon that can cause damage to structures made of stone, masonry, concrete or ceramics, and reinforced with metal components.
Expandable wall anchors with toggle arms. A drywall anchor, also known as a wall anchor, is an insert that, combined with the appropriate screw, can create a strong mount anywhere on a drywall panel or similar hollow wall. [1] A drywall anchor goes between the screw and the drywall, gripping the drywall much more effectively than a screw would. [2]
A cast-in-place anchor bolt. The simplest – and strongest – form of anchor bolt is cast-in-place, with its embedded end consisting of a standard hexagonal head bolt and washer, 90-bend, or some sort of forged or welded flange (see also stud welding). The last are used in concrete-steel composite structures as shear connectors. [6]
ASTM A325 is an ASTM International standard for heavy hex structural bolts, titled Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength. It defines mechanical properties for bolts that range from 1 ⁄ 2 to 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches (13 to 38 mm) in diameter.