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  2. Specific weight - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_weight

    The specific weight, also known as the unit weight (symbol γ, the Greek letter gamma), is a volume-specific quantity defined as the weight W divided by the volume V of a material: = / Equivalently, it may also be formulated as the product of density, ρ, and gravity acceleration, g: = Its unit of measurement in the International System of Units (SI) is newton per cubic metre (N/m 3), with ...

  3. Kip (unit) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip_(unit)

    A kip is a US customary unit of force. It equals 1000 pounds-force , and is used primarily by structural engineers to indicate forces where the value represented in pound-force is inefficient. Although uncommon, it is occasionally also considered a unit of mass , equal to 1000 pounds (i.e. one half of a short ton ).

  4. Pound per square inch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_per_square_inch

    Since atmospheric pressure at sea level is around 14.7 psi (101 kilopascals), this will be added to any pressure reading made in air at sea level. The converse is pound per square inch gauge (psig), indicating that the pressure is relative to atmospheric pressure. For example, a bicycle tire pumped up to 65 psig in a local atmospheric pressure ...

  5. Conversion of units - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_of_units

    For example, the freezing point of water is 0 °C and 32 °F, and a 5 °C change is the same as a 9 °F change. Thus, to convert from units of Fahrenheit to units of Celsius, one subtracts 32 °F (the offset from the point of reference), divides by 9 °F and multiplies by 5 °C (scales by the ratio of units), and adds 0 °C (the offset from the ...

  6. Reference water levels - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_water_levels

    The reference water levels are used on inland waterways to define a range of water levels allowing the full use of the waterway for navigation. [1] Ship passage can be limited by the water levels that are too low, when the fairway might become too shallow for large ("target", "design") ships, or too high, when it might become impossible for the target ships to pass under the bridges. [1]

  7. Displacement (fluid) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_(fluid)

    The increase in weight is equal to the amount of liquid displaced by the object, which is the same as the volume of the suspended object times the density of the liquid. [1] The concept of Archimedes' principle is that an object immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. [2]

  8. Communicating vessels - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicating_vessels

    A set of communicating vessels Animation showing the filling of communicating vessels. Communicating vessels or communicating vases [1] are a set of containers containing a homogeneous fluid and connected sufficiently far below the top of the liquid: when the liquid settles, it balances out to the same level in all of the containers regardless of the shape and volume of the containers.

  9. Cooking weights and measures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooking_weights_and_measures

    1 fluid ounce of water weighs approximately 1 ounce so a recipe calling for a UK pint (20 fl oz) of water can be substituted with 20 oz of water. More accurate measurements become important in the large volumes used in commercial food production. Also, a home cook can use greater precision at times. Water at 4.0 °C (39.2 °F) may be ...