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A single-domain antibody is a peptide chain of about 110 amino acids long, comprising one variable domain (V H) of a heavy-chain antibody, or of a common IgG.These peptides have similar affinity to antigens as whole antibodies, but are more heat-resistant and stable towards detergents and high concentrations of urea.
Applications of bionanotechnology are extremely widespread. Insofar as the distinction holds, nanobiotechnology is much more commonplace in that it simply provides more tools for the study of biology. Bionanotechnology, on the other hand, promises to recreate biological mechanisms and pathways in a form that is useful in other ways.
Nanomedicine is the medical application of nanotechnology. [1] Nanomedicine ranges from the medical applications of nanomaterials and biological devices, to nanoelectronic biosensors, and even possible future applications of molecular nanotechnology such as biological machines.
Application of nanomotor implants have been proposed to achieve thorough disinfection of the dentine. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] In vivo imaging is also a key part in nanomedicine, as nanoparticles can be used as contrast agents for common imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography ...
Inorganic nanomaterial can also be toxic to the human body if it accumulates in certain cell organelles. [10] New research is being conducted to invent more effective, safer nanocarriers. Protein based nanocarriers show promise for use therapeutically since they occur naturally, and generally demonstrate less cytotoxicity than synthetic molecules.
CNTs have several unique chemical, size, optical, electrical and structural properties that make them attractive as drug delivery and biosensing platforms for the treatment of various diseases [5] and the noninvasive monitoring of blood levels and other chemical properties of the human body, respectively. [4]
The most widely used application of this approach is in cancer immunotherapy, where BsAbs are engineered to simultaneously bind a cytotoxic cell and a target (a tumour cell) to be destroyed. It is possible to observe the bridging effect that BsAbs have on T cell/cancer cell interactions using label-free live cell imaging .
Chitosan is biocompatible, it is highly bioactive, meaning it stimulates a beneficial response from the body, it can biodegrade which can eliminate a second surgery in implant applications, can form gels and films, and is selectively permeable. These properties allow for various biomedical applications of chitosan.