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Centrilobular emphysema, also called centriacinar emphysema, affects the centre of a pulmonary lobule (centrilobular) in the lung, the area around the terminal bronchiole and the first respiratory bronchiole, and can be seen on imaging as an area around the tip of the visible pulmonary artery. Centrilobular emphysema is the most common type ...
Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE), describes a medical syndrome involving both pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The combination is most commonly found in male smokers. Pulmonary function tests typically show preserved lung volume with very low transfer factor.
Other pneumatoses in the lungs are focal (localized) blebs and bullae, pulmonary cysts and cavities. Pneumoperitoneum (or peritoneal emphysema) is air or gas in the abdominal cavity, and is most commonly caused by gastrointestinal perforation, often the result of surgery. Pneumarthrosis, the presence of air in a joint, is rarely a serious sign.
An axial CT image showing bullous emphysema of the lungs. There are larger air pockets on the right than left. Bullous emphysema is a condition seen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The units making up the substructure of the lung (alveoli) become permanently enlarged due to the destruction of their walls.
Pulmonary fibrosis may be a secondary effect of other diseases. Most of these are classified as interstitial lung diseases. Examples include autoimmune disorders, viral infections, and bacterial infections such as tuberculosis that may cause fibrotic changes in the lungs' upper or lower lobes and other microscopic lung injuries. But pulmonary ...
The most common cause of emphysema is smoking and smoking cessation is mandatory if this incurable disease is to be treated. Prevention of bronchoconstriction by this pathway is vital for people with emphysema and there are several anticholinergic medications that in combination with mucous thinning agents such as Guaifenesin cause significant ...
Air trapping, also called gas trapping, is an abnormal retention of air in the lungs where it is difficult to exhale completely. [1] It is observed in obstructive lung diseases such as asthma, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Obstructive lung disease is a category of respiratory disease characterized by airway obstruction.Many obstructive diseases of the lung result from narrowing (obstruction) of the smaller bronchi and larger bronchioles, often because of excessive contraction of the smooth muscle itself.